Reasonable

Reasonable is an adjective used to describe judgments, actions, or standards that are sensible, fair, and appropriate to the circumstances. It implies a balance between practicality and sound judgment, avoiding extremes or unwarranted assumptions. The term can also indicate adequacy or sufficiency, as in a “reasonable time” or a “reasonable price.”

Etymology and nuance: Reasonable derives from Latin rationalis through Old French, with connotations tied to reason or rational thought. In everyday language it often connotes social acceptability and prudence, rather than strict logical necessity. It is distinct from rational, which emphasizes logical coherence, whereas reasonable emphasizes context, practicality, and fairness.

Legal and policy usage: In law, reasonableness is a central standard. The reasonable person standard assesses how an ordinary, prudent person would act in similar circumstances. Reasonable belief, reasonable suspicion, and reasonable care are components of duties and rights in civil and criminal contexts. Reasonable accommodations refer to modifications that enable participation without imposing undue hardship.

Philosophical and epistemic usage: In philosophy, reasonableness concerns the rational justification of beliefs and arguments, taking into account evidence, coherence, and shared standards. Epistemic reasonableness may depend on context, background knowledge, and the aims of inquiry, rather than purely formal logic.

Other domains: In everyday life, “reasonable” often describes expectations, costs, or expectations that are not excessive. It also contrasts with “unreasonable,” which asserts that a standard or demand is excessive or unfair. The term remains inherently contextual and value-laden, reflecting social norms as well as logical considerations.