Rautavajeanemiaa

Rautavajeanemiaa, also known as iron deficiency anemia, is a common type of anemia in which the body lacks sufficient iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. When iron stores are low, the body cannot produce enough hemoglobin, leading to a shortage of oxygen-carrying red blood cells.

The causes of iron deficiency anemia are varied. Common reasons include chronic blood loss, such as from heavy menstrual periods, gastrointestinal bleeding, or frequent blood donations. Inadequate dietary intake of iron is another significant cause, particularly in vegetarians, vegans, and individuals with poor nutrition. Certain medical conditions, like celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcers, can impair iron absorption. Pregnancy also increases iron requirements, making deficiency more likely.

Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia can include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches, and cold hands and feet. In infants and children, it can affect growth and development.

Diagnosis is typically made through a blood test that measures hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, and iron stores (ferritin). Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and replenishing iron levels. This usually involves iron supplements and dietary changes to increase iron-rich foods like red meat, poultry, fish, beans, and fortified cereals. In cases of severe deficiency or malabsorption, intravenous iron therapy may be necessary. Untreated iron deficiency anemia can lead to more serious health problems.