Raudanpuutteenanemia

Raudanpuutteenanemia, also known as iron deficiency anemia, is the most common type of anemia worldwide. It occurs when the body does not have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia can vary in severity and may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, and cold hands and feet. In children, it can also lead to developmental delays and behavioral problems.

The causes of iron deficiency anemia are diverse. Common reasons include chronic blood loss, such as from heavy menstrual bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding (e.g., from ulcers or polyps), or certain parasitic infections. Inadequate dietary intake of iron is another significant cause, particularly in vegetarians, vegans, pregnant women, and infants. Conditions that impair iron absorption, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease, can also contribute.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, and iron stores (ferritin). Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and replenishing iron levels. This often involves iron supplementation, either orally or intravenously, and dietary changes to increase iron-rich foods like red meat, poultry, fish, beans, and fortified cereals. In cases of significant blood loss, medical intervention to stop the bleeding is also necessary. Without proper treatment, iron deficiency anemia can lead to more serious health complications.