Rasterizálás

Rasterizálás, also known as raster scanning, is the process of converting vector graphics or 3D models into a raster image, which is a grid of pixels. This process is fundamental in computer graphics, particularly for displaying images on screens or printing them. Vector graphics are defined by mathematical equations describing geometric shapes, lines, and curves, while raster images are composed of a fixed number of pixels, each with a specific color.

The core of rasterization involves determining which pixels on the screen correspond to the geometric primitives of the vector data. For a 2D line, this means calculating the coordinates of the pixels that best approximate the straight line path. For polygons, it involves identifying all pixels that lie within the boundaries of the shape. In 3D graphics, rasterization takes a geometric model, transforms it into screen space, and then determines the color of each pixel by considering lighting, textures, and material properties.

Algorithms like Bresenham's line algorithm and scanline polygon filling are common techniques used in rasterization. The process can be computationally intensive, especially for complex scenes or high-resolution images. Graphics processing units (GPUs) are specialized hardware designed to accelerate rasterization and other graphics-related tasks, enabling real-time rendering of 3D environments. The output of rasterization is a bitmap, a direct representation of the image as a grid of colored dots.