Raskedioonteraapia

Raskedioonteraapia, often referred to as heavy ion therapy, is an advanced form of radiation therapy used in cancer treatment. It utilizes beams of heavy ions, such as carbon or neon, to precisely target and destroy cancerous tumors. Unlike traditional photon radiation therapy, heavy ions possess unique physical and biological properties that can offer advantages in certain clinical situations.

The primary advantage of heavy ion therapy lies in its Bragg peak phenomenon. This physical characteristic means that the heavy ions deposit most of their energy at a specific depth within the body, corresponding to the tumor's location. Beyond the Bragg peak, the ions release very little energy, significantly sparing surrounding healthy tissues from radiation damage. This allows for higher doses of radiation to be delivered directly to the tumor while minimizing side effects for the patient.

Biologically, heavy ions are more effective at destroying cancer cells than photons, especially those that are resistant to conventional radiation. They cause more complex DNA damage, making it harder for tumor cells to repair themselves and survive. This increased biological effectiveness is particularly beneficial for certain types of tumors, including those located near critical organs, or tumors that have shown resistance to other forms of treatment.

While promising, heavy ion therapy is a complex and resource-intensive treatment. Its availability is limited to specialized centers worldwide due to the high cost of the necessary equipment and the technical expertise required for its operation. Research continues to explore its potential applications and optimize its delivery for a wider range of cancers.