Raskasmetalli

Raskasmetalli, known as heavy metals in English, refer to a group of metals characterized by high atomic weights and densities. These elements often occur naturally in the earth's crust and are distinguished by their relatively high toxicity and potential to bioaccumulate in living organisms. Common heavy metals include lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), among others.

Heavy metals play diverse roles in industrial and technological applications. For example, lead has historically been used in batteries and paints, while mercury is utilized in thermometers and electrical switches. However, many heavy metals pose environmental and health risks due to their toxicity. Exposure to elevated levels can cause neurological, renal, and respiratory problems, and some are classified as carcinogens.

In environmental science, heavy metal pollution is a concern, especially near industrial sites, mining operations, and waste disposal areas. Contaminants can enter water sources, soil, and the food chain, impacting ecosystems and human health. Remediation efforts include methods such as soil washing, chemical stabilization, and phytoremediation, which uses plants to absorb and contain heavy metals.

While some heavy metals are essential at trace levels for biological functions—such as zinc and nickel—excessive accumulation is harmful. The regulation of heavy metal use and emissions is enforced in many countries to mitigate health and environmental risks. Research continues into safer alternative materials and efficient removal techniques to address the ongoing challenges associated with heavy metal pollution.