Randomizing
Randomizing refers to the process of assigning units—such as people, plots, or experimental runs—to different groups or conditions by chance, rather than by systematic choice. The goal is to reduce selection bias, balance known and unknown confounders, and enable valid statistical inference about causal effects. Randomization is central to experimental design, particularly in randomized controlled trials, psychology experiments, and A/B testing.
Common methods include simple randomization, where each unit has equal probability of assignment; block randomization, which
In computing and simulations, randomization relies on random number generation. Pseudo-random number generators produce sequences that
Limitations and considerations include the possibility that randomization does not perfectly balance groups in small samples,