Rakétahajtások

Rakétahajtások refer to the propulsion systems used to accelerate rockets. These systems work by expelling mass in one direction at high velocity, which, according to Newton's third law of motion, generates an equal and opposite force, propelling the rocket forward. The most common type of rakétahajtás is the chemical rocket engine, which combusts a fuel and an oxidizer to produce hot gases. These gases are then expelled through a nozzle at supersonic speeds.

The primary components of a chemical rakétahajtás include a combustion chamber where the fuel and oxidizer mix and burn, and a nozzle that accelerates the exhaust gases. Different types of chemical propellants exist, broadly categorized as liquid or solid. Liquid-propellant rockets use propellants stored in separate tanks, which are pumped into the combustion chamber. Solid-propellant rockets, on the other hand, have the fuel and oxidizer pre-mixed in a solid grain, which burns once ignited.

Beyond chemical rockets, other forms of rakétahajtások are being developed and utilized for specific applications. Electric propulsion systems, such as ion thrusters, use electrical energy to accelerate a propellant to extremely high velocities, offering high efficiency for long-duration missions in space, though with lower thrust. Nuclear thermal rockets are another concept, where a nuclear reactor heats a propellant (often hydrogen) to generate thrust. The choice of rakétahajtás depends on factors like the required thrust, efficiency, mission duration, and payload.