Rakettdrift

Rakettdrift is the field of propulsion engineering focused on rocket engines and the systems that enable space launch and spacecraft maneuvering. It encompasses the design, testing, and operation of devices that generate thrust by expelling reaction mass.

Core principles include Newton's third law and the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, which links exhaust velocity, propellant mass, and delta-v. Performance is described by specific impulse and thrust, guiding choices between propellant types and engine configurations.

Propellants are categorized as chemical (solid, liquid, or hybrid) and non-chemical (electric or nuclear). Chemical propulsion provides high thrust suitable for launches, while electric systems offer high efficiency for in-space propulsion; nuclear concepts remain exploratory and subject to regulation.

Engine design covers the combustion chamber, injectors, turbopumps where used, propellant feed, and thermal management. Propulsion subsystems must integrate with vehicle structure, guidance, and safety systems, and are validated through component tests and full-scale demonstrations.

Key metrics include thrust, specific impulse, thrust-to-weight ratio, and delta-v. Mission planning uses mass ratios and staging to achieve required performance within safety and budget constraints.

History spans early Chinese and Arabic rocket work to modern multistage launchers. Milestones include the Soviet R-7 family and the Saturn V, with contemporary engines from multiple nations and ongoing advances in reusable technology and higher-performance materials.

Environmental and safety considerations, regulatory oversight, and international export controls shape development. Rakettdrift remains central to space exploration, satellite deployment, and related industries.