Radioterapija

Radioterapija, also known as radiation therapy, is a medical treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It is a common and effective form of cancer treatment, often used in conjunction with surgery or chemotherapy. The radiation works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from growing and dividing. While radiation can also damage healthy cells, medical professionals use careful planning and advanced technology to minimize this collateral damage.

There are two main types of radiation therapy: external beam radiation therapy and internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy). External beam radiation therapy involves a machine outside the body that directs radiation beams at the cancerous area. Brachytherapy, on the other hand, places radioactive sources directly inside or very close to the tumor. The specific type and dosage of radiation used depend on the type, size, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health.

Radiotherapy can be used to treat a wide variety of cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, and brain tumors. It can be used as a primary treatment to cure cancer, as an adjuvant treatment to kill any remaining cancer cells after surgery, or as palliative treatment to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Side effects can vary depending on the area treated and the dose of radiation, but common ones include fatigue, skin irritation, and hair loss in the treated area. These side effects are usually temporary and manageable with supportive care.