Radioterapianlæg

Radioterapianlæg refers to the equipment used in radiation therapy, a medical treatment that employs ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. These facilities are designed to deliver radiation precisely to the target area while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.

The core component of a radioterapianlæg is typically a linear accelerator, often called a "linac." This machine generates high-energy X-rays or electrons. Different types of linacs exist, capable of producing varying energy levels suitable for treating different types and depths of tumors. The linac is mounted on a gantry that can rotate around the patient, allowing radiation beams to be directed from multiple angles.

Modern radioterapianlæg incorporate sophisticated imaging technologies. Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) uses on-board imaging systems, such as X-ray or cone-beam CT scanners, integrated into the treatment machine. This allows for precise localization of the tumor immediately before or during treatment, compensating for any patient movement or anatomical changes.

Other essential components include treatment planning systems, which use detailed patient scans (like CT or MRI) to create a 3D model of the tumor and surrounding organs. This allows radiation oncologists and physicists to design a highly customized treatment plan, determining the optimal radiation dose, beam angles, and duration. Safety features are paramount, including shielded treatment rooms to contain radiation and interlock systems that prevent the machine from operating if safety protocols are not met. Facilities may also house brachytherapy equipment for internal radiation delivery.