Radiolääketiede

Radiolääketiede, also known as nuclear medicine, is a medical specialty that uses small amounts of radioactive materials called radiopharmaceuticals or radiotracers to diagnose and treat diseases. These radiopharmaceuticals are introduced into the body, typically by injection, swallowing, or inhalation. They travel through the body and accumulate in specific organs or tissues.

The radiation emitted by these radiopharmaceuticals is detected by specialized imaging equipment, such as gamma cameras or PET scanners. This allows physicians to visualize the function and structure of organs and tissues, as well as to identify abnormalities. Unlike traditional X-rays or CT scans, which primarily show anatomy, nuclear medicine imaging often reveals physiological processes, providing insights into how organs are working at a cellular level.

Common diagnostic procedures in radiolääketiede include bone scans to detect fractures or bone cancer, thyroid scans to assess thyroid function, and cardiac imaging to evaluate blood flow to the heart. PET scans are frequently used to detect cancer, assess its spread, and monitor treatment effectiveness.

In addition to diagnosis, radiolääketiede is also used therapeutically. Certain radioactive isotopes, like Iodine-131 for thyroid cancer or radioactive seeds for prostate cancer, are used to target and destroy diseased cells. This form of treatment, known as radiotherapy, aims to deliver a high dose of radiation directly to the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. The field requires specialized training for physicians, technologists, and physicists to ensure safe and effective use of radioactive materials.