Radaritüübid

Radaritüübid refers to the classification of radar systems based on various characteristics such as their operational principles, design, and intended applications. This categorization helps in understanding the diverse capabilities and limitations of different radar technologies.

One common classification is based on the waveform transmitted. Continuous wave (CW) radar transmits a continuous signal and detects targets by measuring the frequency shift of the reflected signal, often used for speed detection. Pulsed radar, on the other hand, transmits short pulses of energy and measures the time it takes for the echo to return, allowing for distance measurement. Different pulsed radar types include simple pulsed radar, pulse-Doppler radar which uses Doppler shift to measure target velocity and filter out stationary clutter, and pulse-compression radar which transmits a longer coded pulse that is compressed upon reception to achieve range resolution comparable to shorter pulses.

Another important classification is by application. Surveillance radars are designed to detect and track targets over a wide area, commonly used in air traffic control and military defense. Fire-control radars are used to precisely track targets for the purpose of guiding weapons. Weather radars are specifically designed to detect precipitation and measure its intensity and movement, crucial for meteorological forecasting. Navigation radars are used for maritime and aeronautical navigation, aiding in obstacle avoidance and positioning.

Radars can also be categorized by their scanning method. Mechanically scanned radars use a physical antenna that rotates or sweeps to cover a sector. Electronically scanned radars, such as phased array radars, steer the beam electronically without physical movement, offering faster scanning and greater flexibility.

The frequency band in which a radar operates also defines its type, with common bands including L, S, C, X, Ku, K, Ka, and millimeter-wave (MMW), each offering different trade-offs between range, resolution, and atmospheric penetration.