Querschnittsläsionen

Querschnittsläsionen, also known as transverse lesions, refer to injuries that result in a complete or partial disruption of the spinal cord at a specific segment, intersecting the vertical axis. These lesions typically occur due to trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, or sports injuries, but can also result from tumors, infections, or degenerative diseases. The nature and severity of the injury depend on the location and extent of the damage, influencing the neurological deficits experienced by the individual.

The primary consequence of a Querschnittsläsion is the interruption of nerve signals between the brain and the body below the injury site. This interruption can lead to varying degrees of paralysis and sensory loss. In complete lesions, there is a total loss of voluntary motor and sensory function below the level of injury. In incomplete lesions, some functions may remain intact, depending on the preservation of nerve pathways.

The spinal cord's cross-sectional damage affects motor control, sensation, and autonomic functions such as bladder, bowel, and sexual function. The specific symptoms depend on the spinal segment involved; cervical injuries often lead to quadriplegia, while thoracic or lumbar injuries typically result in paraplegia.

Diagnosis generally involves clinical examination and imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the injury's extent. Treatment focuses on stabilization, preventing secondary damage, and rehabilitation to maximize remaining function. Advances in research aim to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery, but complete restoration remains a significant challenge.

Understanding Querschnittsläsionen is crucial for medical management and developing targeted therapies to improve the quality of life for affected individuals.