Qinling

The Qinling Mountains, or Qinling range (秦岭), are a major east–west mountain system in south-central China. They run roughly along the southern edge of Shaanxi Province and extend into neighboring regions. The range serves as a long-standing geographic and climatic boundary between northern and southern China, with drier, cooler conditions to the north and more humid, subtropical conditions to the south.

Geography and geology: The chain stretches about 1,000 to 1,200 kilometers and features rugged peaks, deep valleys, and diverse rock formations. The highest peak is Taibai Mountain (Taibaishan), reaching several thousand meters. The mountains comprise various lithologies, including sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, and sustain extensive forest cover across elevations.

Biodiversity and ecology: The Qinling hosts ecosystems ranging from temperate to subtropical forests, housing many endemic species. It is an important biodiversity corridor and a source region for several rivers that feed major basins. The area supports wildlife adapted to diverse habitats, and conservation areas within the range aim to protect these resources amid development pressures.

Cultural significance and history: The range has long been recognized as a natural boundary in Chinese geography and history, influencing patterns of settlement, agriculture, and regional identity. Its scenic landscapes and cultural sites have featured in literature and local traditions, reinforcing its prominence in the region.

Conservation: The Qinling Mountains contain numerous nature reserves and protected areas. In recent decades, national and provincial conservation efforts have sought to preserve biodiversity, water resources, and ecological connectivity as parts of broader environmental protection programs.