Püsimagnetites

Püsimagnetites, often referred to as permanent magnets, are objects made from a material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. This magnetic field exists without the need for an external electric current or applied magnetic field. The property of permanent magnetism arises from the alignment of magnetic domains within the material. Domains are small regions where the magnetic moments of atoms are aligned. In a non-magnetized material, these domains are oriented randomly, resulting in no net magnetic field. However, when exposed to a strong external magnetic field, these domains can align, and if the material is a hard magnetic material, this alignment can be retained even after the external field is removed, creating a permanent magnet.

Common materials used for püsimagnetites include alloys of iron, nickel, and cobalt, as well as rare-earth elements like neodymium and samarium. Neodymium magnets are currently the strongest type of permanent magnets available, offering a very high magnetic field strength for their size. Alnico magnets, an alloy of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt, were historically important and are known for their good temperature stability. Ferrite magnets, made from ceramic compounds, are more brittle but are cost-effective and widely used in many applications.

Püsimagnetites have a wide range of applications due to their ability to generate a magnetic field without continuous power. They are found in electric motors, generators, loudspeakers, magnetic storage devices, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, and in everyday items like refrigerator magnets and closures. The strength and properties of a püsimagnet are determined by its material composition, manufacturing process, and shape.