Põletikumediatorid

Põletikumediatorid are signaling molecules that play a crucial role in the inflammatory response. They are released by various cells, including immune cells and damaged tissues, in response to injury or infection. These mediators orchestrate a complex cascade of events aimed at eliminating the harmful stimulus and initiating the repair process.

Key categories of põletikumediatorid include cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids, and vasoactive amines. Cytokines, such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, are proteins that regulate cell communication and influence the behavior of immune cells. Chemokines are a specific type of cytokine that attracts immune cells to the site of inflammation. Eicosanoids, derived from fatty acids, include prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are involved in vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and pain sensation. Vasoactive amines, like histamine, are released from mast cells and basophils and contribute to the early signs of inflammation such as redness and swelling.

The actions of põletikumediatorid are tightly regulated to prevent excessive or chronic inflammation. Their release and activity are controlled by a variety of mechanisms. While essential for defense and healing, dysregulation of these mediators can lead to various inflammatory diseases. Understanding the roles of different põletikumediatorid is vital for developing targeted anti-inflammatory therapies.