Põhjaveetaseme

Põhjaveetaseme refers to the level of groundwater beneath the Earth's surface. It represents the upper surface of the saturated zone, where all the pores and fractures in the soil and rock are filled with water. This level is not static and can fluctuate significantly due to various factors.

Rainfall and snowmelt are primary sources of groundwater recharge, causing the põhjaveetaseme to rise. Conversely, periods of drought, high evaporation rates, and excessive groundwater extraction for agricultural, industrial, or domestic use can lead to a decrease in the põhjaveetaseme. Natural discharge areas, such as springs, rivers, and wetlands, also influence the groundwater level by allowing water to flow out.

The monitoring of põhjaveetaseme is crucial for several reasons. It helps in managing water resources sustainably, ensuring sufficient supply for human needs and ecosystems. Changes in groundwater levels can also indicate geological stability, as rapid declines can sometimes precede land subsidence. Furthermore, understanding põhjaveetaseme is essential for agricultural planning, as it affects soil moisture availability for crops. Environmental impact assessments for construction projects, especially those involving excavation or dewatering, also rely on this data. In Estonia, various institutions are involved in monitoring and reporting on groundwater levels to ensure effective water management.