Pályageometria

Pályageometria, often translated as "track geometry" or "route geometry" in English, is a discipline concerned with the precise spatial arrangement and design of railway tracks. It encompasses the geometric characteristics of the track, including its alignment, gradient, and superelevation. The primary goal of pályageometria is to ensure the safe, efficient, and comfortable operation of trains.

Key elements of pályageometria include curves, straight sections, and transitions. The design of curves considers factors such as radius, length, and the transition between the curve and adjacent straight sections, known as transition curves or spirals. Gradients, or the inclination of the track, are also carefully managed to optimize train performance and minimize energy consumption. Superelevation, also referred to as cant or banking, is applied to curves to counteract centrifugal forces, thereby reducing lateral forces on the track and improving passenger comfort.

The principles of pályageometria are applied during the initial design and construction of new railway lines, as well as during the maintenance and modernization of existing ones. Accurate and well-maintained track geometry is crucial for preventing derailments, reducing wear and tear on rolling stock and track components, and achieving desired operational speeds. Sophisticated surveying and measurement techniques are employed to ensure adherence to the designed pályageometria.