Pyrrhocoris

Pyrrhocoris is a genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae, order Hemiptera. The genus comprises about a dozen described species, distributed primarily in the Palearctic region, with some species in Africa and Asia. The most familiar member is Pyrrhocoris apterus, commonly called the firebug.

Adults are small to medium-sized insects, typically 6 to 12 millimeters long, with a rounded, elongate body and striking red or orange and black markings. In most adults, wings are present and extend over the abdomen. The genus shares a similar shield-shaped appearance characteristic of firebugs.

Ecology and behavior: Pyrrhocoris apterus and related species are primarily seed-feeders, feeding on seeds of mallows (Malvaceae) and related plants, sometimes taking other plant material. They prefer sunny, dry habitats and are frequently observed in large, dense aggregations on walls, tree trunks, or sunlit ground. Aggregations are thought to aid thermoregulation and deter predators.

Life cycle and reproduction: Like other true bugs, Pyrrhocoris undergoes incomplete metamorphosis, developing from eggs to five instar nymphs before reaching adulthood. Eggs are laid in clusters on seeds or plant debris and hatch in spring. In temperate regions there is typically one generation per year, with adults overwintering in sheltered sites.

Taxonomy and significance: Pyrrhocoris is not a major agricultural pest, though occasional feeding on seeds can cause minor damage to certain plants. The red-and-black colouration makes Pyrrhocoris apterus a common subject in studies of aposematism and insect social behavior. The genus name derives from Greek, roughly meaning "red bug."