Punanvihreätype

Punanvihreätype, also known as red-green type, refers to a specific type of color blindness where individuals have difficulty distinguishing between red and green hues. This is the most common form of congenital color vision deficiency. It is caused by a genetic mutation on the X chromosome, meaning it is far more prevalent in males than females. The condition arises from a defect in the cone cells within the retina, which are responsible for color perception. Specifically, either the red-sensitive or the green-sensitive cone cells are not functioning correctly or are missing altogether.

There are varying degrees of punanvihreätype. Protanomaly involves a weakened red cone, leading to a less intense perception of red. Deuteranomaly involves a weakened green cone, making it harder to distinguish greens from reds. Protanopia and deuteranopia are more severe forms where the respective cone type is entirely absent, resulting in a significant inability to perceive red or green. Individuals with this condition may see certain colors as shades of gray or brown. While it does not typically affect vision sharpness, it can impact daily life, such as identifying traffic lights or distinguishing ripe fruit. Diagnosis is usually made through specialized eye tests like the Ishihara plates. There is currently no cure for congenital punanvihreätype, but specialized lenses and aids can sometimes assist in color discrimination.