Punakat

Punakat, also known as panaka or pana, is a small, often unripened fruit from the areca palm tree, scientifically classified as *Areca catechu*. It is predominantly found in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and parts of East Africa. The fruit itself is typically oval or spherical, varying in size from a small plum to a hen's egg. The outer shell is usually green when unripe, hardening and turning brown as it matures. Inside, the punakat contains a seed, which is the part most commonly consumed.

The punakat is primarily chewed as a stimulant. The seed is usually scraped or sliced and then wrapped in a leaf of the *Piper betle* plant, often along with slaked lime. This mixture is then placed in the mouth and chewed, releasing alkaloids that produce a stimulant effect. Users often experience a mild euphoria, increased alertness, and a warming sensation. The act of chewing punakat, known as *paan* or *betel quid*, is a deeply ingrained cultural practice in many regions.

While widely consumed, punakat chewing is associated with certain health concerns. The regular use of betel quid, especially when containing tobacco, has been linked to an increased risk of oral cancer, gum disease, and tooth staining. Despite these risks, the cultural significance of punakat and its use in social rituals and as a mild stimulant continue to make it prevalent in many communities where it is grown and consumed.