Pumpteknik

Pumpteknik, or pump technology, is the engineering discipline that deals with the design, selection, operation and maintenance of pumps and associated equipment used to move liquids. In Swedish contexts, the term encompasses hydraulic theory, mechanical design, materials compatibility and system integration for reliable liquid handling across industries.

Pumps are broadly categorized into dynamic (or kinetic) pumps, which impart velocity to fluid, and positive-displacement pumps, which move a fixed volume per cycle. Dynamic pumps include centrifugal, axial and mixed-flow types; positive-displacement pumps include reciprocating, gear, lobe, vane and diaphragm pumps. Each type has characteristic head–flow curves and is selected based on system requirements.

Key design considerations include head (height the fluid must be pumped), flow rate, efficiency, and Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) to avoid cavitation. System curves, friction losses, and piping layout determine operating points. Materials must resist corrosion and abrasion; seals, bearings and mechanical drives must suit operating conditions. Pumps are typically driven by electric motors, hydraulic motors, or engines, and may be controlled with VFDs for variable speed.

Applications span water supply and distribution, HVAC and district cooling, wastewater treatment, chemical processing, oil and gas, food and beverage, and agriculture. Standards and performance ratings are provided by bodies such as ISO, API (for centrifugal pumps), ANSI and EN norms. Energy efficiency and lubrication are ongoing concerns, with modern pumps designed for reduced losses and integrated monitoring.

Maintenance practices include inspection, bearing and seal replacement, lubrication, alignment, vibration analysis and preventive maintenance scheduling. The rise of smart pumps with sensors enables remote monitoring, predictive maintenance and optimization of pump networks.