Puertos

Puertos is the Spanish word for ports and can refer to maritime harbors as well as to network access points in computer systems. In a maritime context, a puerto or harbor is a place along a coast where ships dock to load and unload cargo and passengers. Ports are dynamic points in a global logistics chain, connected to railways, roads, and inland waterways. They consist of facilities such as berths, cranes, warehouses, container yards, and terminal operators, and they are governed by port authorities that coordinate navigation, safety, customs clearance, and environmental compliance. Natural harbors benefit from sheltered coastlines; many ports are enhanced by breakwaters, dredging, and modern automation. Major world ports handle vast volumes of cargo and trade flows, while regional ports support local economies but face congestion and competition.

In information technology, ports are logical endpoints of communications on a host. A port number identifies a service or process and, with an IP address, determines where data is delivered. The TCP and UDP protocols use ports in the range 0 to 65535, with well-known ports in the 0–1023 range. Common examples include 80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS, 22 for SSH, and 25 for SMTP. Port management involves firewalls, NAT, and access control to prevent unauthorized access, limit exposure to threats, and ensure service availability. Opening or closing ports affects network performance and security, and port knocking is a technique used to reduce exposure.

Thus, puertos refers to essential infrastructure in shipping and critical components in digital networks, depending on context.