Ptilostemon

Ptilostemon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, commonly known as wormwood thistles. These plants are native to the Mediterranean region, with the majority of species found in North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. Ptilostemon species are typically herbaceous perennials or subshrubs, characterized by their spiny leaves and thistle-like flower heads. The flower heads are usually composed of numerous small florets, often colorful, ranging from shades of yellow, pink, to purple.

The genus Ptilostemon is distinguished by its pappus, which is feathery or plumed, a key characteristic differentiating it from related genera. The leaves are often deeply lobed and armed with sharp spines, providing a defense against herbivores. These plants prefer arid or semi-arid environments and are often found in dry grasslands, rocky slopes, and disturbed areas.

Several species within the Ptilostemon genus have been utilized in traditional medicine for various ailments, although scientific validation for these uses is often limited. The ecological role of Ptilostemon includes providing habitat and food sources for certain insects and pollinators. Conservation status varies among species, with some facing threats from habitat loss and overgrazing. Research on Ptilostemon continues to explore its ethnobotanical uses, genetic diversity, and ecological interactions.