Psilus

Psilus is a genus of fungi that belongs to the family Hymenogastraceae. This genus is primarily known for containing species that are commonly referred to as "magic mushrooms" due to their psilocybin and psilocin content. These psychoactive compounds are responsible for the hallucinogenic effects experienced when the mushrooms are consumed.

The fruiting bodies of Psilus species typically have a conic to campanulate cap, which can vary in color from pale brown to reddish-brown, often developing a yellowish hue with age or drying. The gills are usually adnate or adnexed and can be grayish or purplish-brown. The stipe is generally slender, often whitish or pale brown, and may bruise blue when handled, another characteristic indicative of psilocybin presence.

Psilus mushrooms are found in various habitats worldwide, often growing in dung, enriched soils, or on decaying wood. They are known for their rapid colonization and can appear in clusters or scattered. Several species within this genus are notable, including Psilus cubensis, which is one of the most widely cultivated and recognized species, and Psilus semilanceata, commonly known as the liberty cap, which is found in grasslands and pastures in Europe and North America.

The cultivation and possession of Psilus species are illegal in many countries due to their psychoactive properties and classification as controlled substances. However, research into the therapeutic potential of psilocybin, found in these mushrooms, is ongoing, with studies exploring its use in treating conditions such as depression, anxiety, and addiction.