Präfrontalcortex

The Präfrontalcortex, or prefrontal cortex, is the anterior-most part of the frontal lobe of the brain. It is located in the front of the brain, behind the forehead. This region is considered to be the executive center of the brain, playing a crucial role in a wide range of complex cognitive functions. These functions include planning, decision-making, working memory, personality expression, moderating social behavior, and orchestrating thought and action in accordance with internal goals. The prefrontal cortex is highly developed in humans, contributing significantly to our advanced cognitive abilities.

The prefrontal cortex is broadly divided into several subregions, each with specialized roles. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in executive functions such as working memory, planning, and problem-solving. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex is associated with emotion regulation, decision-making involving value-based choices, and social cognition. The orbitofrontal cortex, situated above the eye sockets, is crucial for processing rewards and punishments, and plays a role in emotional and social behavior. Damage to the prefrontal cortex can lead to a variety of impairments, affecting personality, social conduct, and the ability to plan and make sound judgments.