Proreendothelialization

Proreendothelialization refers to therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting the regrowth or repair of the endothelium, the inner lining of blood vessels. The endothelium plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular health by regulating blood flow, preventing clot formation, and controlling inflammation. Damage to this layer can lead to various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and thrombosis.

Approaches to proreendothelialization often involve stimulating the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. This can be achieved through several mechanisms, including the delivery of growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Gene therapy, where genes encoding these growth factors are introduced into the affected area, is another avenue being explored. Additionally, stem cell therapy, particularly using endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), holds promise. These cells can differentiate into endothelial cells and contribute to repairing damaged vessel walls.

The goal of proreendothelialization is to restore normal endothelial function, thereby improving vascular patency, reducing inflammation, and preventing the progression of cardiovascular pathologies. Research in this field is ongoing, with a focus on developing safe and effective methods to harness the body's own regenerative capabilities or to introduce exogenous cells and factors to achieve vascular repair. Successful proreendothelialization could offer new treatment options for a wide range of vascular disorders.