Prooksidant

Prooksidant is a term that describes a substance which promotes oxidation. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion. This process often leads to the formation of free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells.

While many compounds can act as pro-oxidants under certain conditions, the term is often used in contrast to antioxidants, which protect against oxidative damage. Some substances are inherently pro-oxidant due to their chemical structure and reactivity. For example, certain metal ions like iron and copper can catalyze oxidation reactions. Exposure to environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation and air pollution can also increase the production of reactive oxygen species, which are a form of pro-oxidant.

In biological systems, a controlled level of oxidation is essential for normal cellular function, such as in energy production and immune responses. However, an imbalance leading to excessive pro-oxidant activity and insufficient antioxidant defense can result in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Understanding the role of pro-oxidants is crucial for comprehending these disease mechanisms and for developing therapeutic strategies.