Proksimaalisesta

Proksimaalisesta, also known as Proxima Centauri, is the closest known star to the Sun and is located in the constellation Centaurus. It is a red dwarf star, classified as an M-type main-sequence star (M5.5Ve), and is part of the triple star system Alpha Centauri, along with Alpha Centauri A and B. Proxima Centauri orbits the closer pair at a distance of about 13,000 astronomical units (AU), taking roughly 550,000 years to complete one orbit.

Discovered in 1915 by Scottish astronomer Robert Innes, Proxima Centauri was initially identified as a variable star due to its fluctuating brightness. Later observations confirmed its proximity to Earth, making it the nearest star system to the Sun at approximately 4.24 light-years away. Its low luminosity—about 0.17% that of the Sun—makes it difficult to observe without specialized equipment.

In August 2016, astronomers announced the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting Proxima Centauri, named Proxima Centauri b. This Earth-sized planet lies within the star’s habitable zone, where liquid water could potentially exist on its surface, making it a prime target in the search for extraterrestrial life. Follow-up studies have since explored the planet’s potential habitability, though its proximity to a red dwarf—known for intense stellar flares—poses challenges for sustaining life as we know it.

Proxima Centauri’s proximity to Earth makes it a compelling subject for future space exploration. Initiatives like Breakthrough Starshot propose sending tiny, laser-propelled probes to the star system to study Proxima Centauri b and other potential targets. Its significance in astrophysics and exoplanetary research continues to grow as technology advances, offering insights into the nature of stars, planetary systems, and the potential for life beyond our solar system.