Projets

Projets is the French term for projects. In project management, a project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. It has a defined objective, a start and end date, and uses allocated resources. It differs from ongoing operations by its finite duration and its focus on discrete deliverables.

Projects typically follow a lifecycle: initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing. During initiation, the rationale and objectives are clarified, and a business case may be developed. Planning establishes the project scope, schedule, budget, quality criteria, risk management, and communications. Execution mobilizes the team to perform the work. Monitoring and controlling track progress, manage changes, and adjust plans as needed. Closing confirms deliverables, transfers ownership, and captures lessons learned.

Governance and roles are central to project management. A project is led by a project manager, supported by a sponsor or steering group, and involves stakeholders who influence scope and outcomes. Success is typically assessed against the triple constraint of scope, time, and cost, together with quality and benefits realization. Documentation, transparency, and stakeholder engagement help ensure alignment and accountability throughout the project.

Approaches to managing projets vary. Traditional, plan-driven methods (such as Waterfall) contrast with iterative and incremental approaches (such as Agile and Scrum). Hybrid models also exist. Common frameworks include PMBOK Guide, PRINCE2, and ISO 21500, which provide guidance on processes, governance, and best practices.

Common project types include information technology, construction, research and development, product development, and public sector initiatives. Typical challenges are scope creep, resource constraints, risk uncertainty, and changing stakeholder needs, addressed through clear objectives, robust planning, and effective change control.