Progestogenonly

Progestogen-only refers to a class of synthetic or naturally occurring steroid hormones that primarily mimic the effects of progesterone. Unlike combined hormonal contraceptives that also contain estrogen, progestogen-only methods contain only a progestogen. These methods are available in various forms, including pills (often called "mini-pills"), injections, implants, and intrauterine devices (IUDs).

The primary mechanism of action for progestogen-only contraceptives is the thickening of cervical mucus, which creates a barrier that prevents sperm from reaching the uterus. In some methods, particularly higher-dose formulations like injections and implants, ovulation may also be suppressed. Progestogens can also cause thinning of the uterine lining (endometrium), making it less receptive to implantation.

Progestogen-only methods are often recommended for individuals who cannot use estrogen-containing contraceptives, such as those who are breastfeeding, have a history of blood clots, or have certain medical conditions like migraines with aura or hypertension. Common side effects can include irregular bleeding patterns, such as spotting or amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), as well as headaches, breast tenderness, and mood changes. The specific side effect profile can vary depending on the type and dosage of the progestogen used.