Progestiinit

Progestiinit, also known as progestogens or gestagens, are a class of steroid hormones that play crucial roles in the female reproductive system, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle. The most prominent and well-studied progestogen is progesterone, which is primarily produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary after ovulation. Progestins are synthetic versions of progesterone, often used in hormone therapy and contraception.

The primary functions of progestiinit include preparing the uterus for pregnancy by thickening the endometrium, maintaining pregnancy by preventing uterine contractions, and inhibiting the release of further eggs during the menstrual cycle. They also have effects on other parts of the body, such as the breasts, where they contribute to mammary gland development.

Progestiinit are naturally produced by the ovaries, adrenal glands, and the placenta during pregnancy. In addition to their natural roles, synthetic progestins are widely used in medicine. They are a key component of combined oral contraceptives, often paired with an estrogen, to prevent ovulation and alter cervical mucus to make it less receptive to sperm. Progestin-only contraceptives, such as the minipill or certain intrauterine devices (IUDs), are also available.

Therapeutically, progestiinit can be prescribed to manage menstrual irregularities, treat endometriosis, and support women undergoing fertility treatments. They can also be used in hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women. Side effects can vary depending on the specific progestogen and its use, but may include mood changes, weight fluctuations, and irregular bleeding.