Produktivity

Produktivity, spelled productivity in English and sometimes written as produktivity in other contexts, refers to the efficiency with which inputs are converted into outputs in production. It is commonly expressed as a ratio of output to input and can be measured at different levels. In economics, labor productivity measures output per hour worked, while total factor productivity accounts for output growth not explained by measured inputs. Productivity growth allows more goods and services to be produced with the same resources, contributing to higher incomes and living standards.

In business and personal work, productivity also denotes how effectively time and attention are deployed to complete tasks. Methods to improve productivity include clear prioritization, planning, and time management techniques such as time blocking and batching, reducing interruptions, and optimizing workflows. Process improvements, automation, and standardized procedures can increase throughput and quality, while appropriate incentives and healthy work practices support sustained performance.

Factors influencing productivity include technology, capital stock, human capital, organizational culture, leadership, and working conditions. External factors such as demand, policy, and macroeconomic conditions also matter.

Measurement and critique: Productivity metrics can be misleading if they overlook quality, safety, sustainability, or worker well-being. Some outcomes—creativity, service quality, or customer satisfaction—are difficult to quantify. As a result, productivity should be assessed alongside indicators of quality, innovation, and welfare.