Presurgical

Presurgical refers to the period before a surgical procedure in which evaluation, preparation, and planning are conducted to reduce risk and improve outcomes. It encompasses medical optimization of conditions, assessment of anesthetic risk, diagnostic testing, patient education, and logistical planning for the operation and recovery.

Core elements of presurgical care include a comprehensive medical history, a thorough medication review (including over-the-counter drugs and supplements), physical examination, and risk stratification, often using anesthesia-related scales such as the ASA physical status. Additional investigations—laboratory tests, imaging, or other studies—are performed based on the patient’s condition and the planned procedure. Presurgical optimization may address anemia, nutrition, glycemic control in diabetes, blood pressure management, smoking cessation, vaccination status, and management of chronic diseases to minimize perioperative complications. Special populations, such as children, older adults, pregnant individuals, or patients with implanted devices, may require tailored evaluation and planning.

Informed consent and preoperative education are key components, covering the procedure, anesthesia plan, potential risks and benefits, alternatives, and recovery expectations. Preoperative instructions commonly address fasting guidelines, medication adjustments, and arrival times, with specifics varying by institution and procedure. Presurgical assessment is conducted in clinics or hospital settings and aims to identify modifiable risk factors, coordinate care among surgeons, anesthesiologists, and other teams, and ensure that necessary tests and clearances are completed before surgery. The term is used across medical specialties and is part of broader perioperative care.