Pressupost

Pressupost is a financial plan that estimates expected income and expenditures for a defined period, typically one year. It functions as a management tool to allocate resources, set priorities, and monitor performance across households, businesses, and governments. A pressupost normally includes forecast revenues, planned expenditures, and the resulting balance, which may be a deficit or surplus. It may also distinguish between operating and capital costs and between current spending and long-term investments.

Types of pressuposts include personal or household budgets, organizational or corporate budgets, and government budgets. A household pressupost tracks income from wages, investments, and transfers against spending on housing, food, transport, and savings. A corporate pressupost forecasts sales, costs, investments, and financing. A government pressupost estimates tax and non-tax revenues, public spending on goods and services, transfers, debt service, and investments, and is often subject to legislative approval.

Process and cycle are central to pressuposts. The cycle typically includes formulation by the relevant body or department, review and approval by a higher authority or legislature, execution during the period, and monitoring and evaluation, followed by auditing and reporting. Fiscal rules, macroeconomic targets, and constraints such as debt limits influence the pressupost.

Limitations should also be noted. Budgets are based on assumptions and projections, and actual results can differ due to economic fluctuations, policy changes, or unforeseen events. Despite these limitations, a pressupost remains a core instrument of financial planning, accountability, and policy planning.