Prellung

Prellung, commonly referred to in English as a contusion or bruise, is a blunt-force injury to soft tissues such as skin, muscle, or fat. It results from an impact that damages small blood vessels, causing leakage of blood into surrounding tissues and an inflammatory response. The initial symptoms include local pain and tenderness, followed by swelling and discoloration (ecchymosis) that changes color as blood is broken down. Contusions can occur anywhere on the body but are common on limbs and over bony prominences.

Causes are direct blows, falls, sports injuries, or vehicle accidents. Most contusions are harmless, but they may signal a more serious injury if accompanied by severe pain, deformity, numbness, or an inability to move the affected area.

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on history and physical examination. Imaging is rarely needed unless there is concern for a fracture, ligament injury, or deeper tissue damage.

Treatment in the first 24 to 48 hours focuses on protection and reducing swelling. Rest the affected part, apply cold packs for 10 to 20 minutes several times daily, and use a compression bandage if appropriate. Elevate the limb when possible. Analgesics such as acetaminophen or NSAIDs may be used as advised. Avoid heat in the acute phase and avoid massaging the bruise. Most contusions heal within days to weeks; seek medical evaluation if pain worsens, the bruise enlarges, there are signs of infection, or there are neurological symptoms.

Prognosis is generally favorable, with color changes typically progressing from red/blue to green and yellow as the bruise resolves. Prevention includes protective equipment and strategies to minimize blunt trauma.