Potwierdzajcympotwierdzajcy

Potwierdzającym is the instrumental singular form of the Polish present active participle potwierdzający, which comes from the verb potwierdzać, meaning to confirm. In linguistic terms, potwierdzający is a present participle used as an adjective or, more rarely, as a noun, to express that someone or something is performing the action of confirming.

Usage and positions

As a modifier, potwierdzający agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case, and is commonly placed before the noun or in a noun phrase such as dokum enty potwierdzające tożsamość (documents confirming identity) or osoba potwierdzająca dane (a person confirming the data). The form can also appear in concrete predicative or relative-clause constructions, akin to English “the confirming person” or “the documents that confirm identity.” It conveys ongoing or active confirmation rather than a completed state.

Distinctions

Potwierdzający contrasts with potwierdzony, the past passive participle meaning “confirmed.” While potwierdzony describes a state resulting from confirmation, potwierdzający emphasizes the activity of confirming. This distinction matters especially in formal or legal texts, where precise nuance about verification processes is important. The participle also declines like an adjective: masculine, feminine, neuter forms and plural forms align with the noun they modify.

Notes

Correct spelling uses the root potwierdz- with the standard participial suffix -ający (e.g., potwierdzający, potwierdzająca, potwierdzające) and the appropriate endings for case and number. While common in formal Polish, the participle is less frequent in everyday speech than explicit phrases such as “który potwierdza” or “dokumenty, które potwierdzają.”