które

Które is a form of the Polish relative pronoun and interrogative pronoun meaning “which.” It is used to introduce relative clauses referring to a neuter singular antecedent, or to refer to plural antecedents of feminine or neuter gender. In masculine personal plural, the corresponding relative pronoun is które? No, correction: the form którzy is used for masculine personal plural; które is used for other plural references. In short, które participates in agreement with the antecedent’s gender and number.

In relative clauses, które serves to connect a noun with its description: Książki, które czytasz, są interesujące. Here the antecedent ksiąźki is feminine plural, and które governs the clause that follows. In neuter singular contexts, it also appears: To, które widzisz, pochodzi z muzeum. This use shows that które can stand for a neuter singular noun or a neuter/other plural reference when a masculine personal form is not required.

In questions, które answers “which?” among a set: Które z tych jabłek jest słodkie? or Które z waszych propozycji wybrałeś? These interrogative uses are distinct from the masculine personal plural którzy, which is used for masculine personal antecedents.

Notes on usage:

- koje agrees with the antecedent in gender and number.

- It often co-occurs with prepositions in combinations like o które, na które, z którymi changes, as appropriate.

- It contrasts with którzy (masculine personal plural) and która (feminine singular) in agreement patterns.

Które is a versatile and common form in Polish grammar, essential for forming both relative clauses and certain questions.