tych

Tych is the genitive plural form of the Polish demonstrative determiner ten (this) and is used to express "those" or "of those" in contexts that require the genitive case. It accompanies nouns in the genitive plural and is common after prepositions such as w, bez, z, or after numerals and adjectives that govern the genitive.

Morphology and usage

Tych is invariant across gender; it functions as the genitive plural form of ten and is used with all nouns in genitive plural. This form is encountered in a wide range of contexts, including phrases after prepositions (w tych dniach, u tych ludzi), after comparatives and other constructions that require the genitive, and in set phrases indicating possession or specification (nie ma tych książek, Z tych powodów).

Function and limitations

As a morphological form, tych does not stand alone as a separate lexical word with its own meaning; it is a grammatical variant of ten used to mark plurality in the genitive case. It specifically corresponds to English "of those" or "those" when the noun it modifies is in genitive plural. The word is common in both written and spoken Polish and is a frequent element in everyday expressions.

Examples

Nie mam tych pieniędzy. (I don’t have that money.)

U tych ludzi panuje cisza. (There is silence among those people.)

Z tych powodów nie mogę uczestniczyć. (For these reasons I cannot participate.)

Wyjaśnienia tych danych są niekompletne. (The explanations of these data are incomplete.)