Potentsiomeetrilised

Potentsiomeetrilised, also known as potentiometric methods, refer to a class of analytical techniques used to determine the concentration of an analyte in a solution by measuring its electrical potential (voltage) without significant current flow. These methods rely on the use of electrochemical cells where the potential difference is related to the activity of specific ions in the solution, following the Nernst equation.

Potentiometry is widely applied in chemistry and environmental science for monitoring pH levels, ionic concentrations, and the presence of specific ions such as potassium, sodium, or chloride. A typical potentiometric setup includes a sensing electrode, known as an ion-selective electrode (ISE), and a reference electrode. The ISE generates a potential proportional to the activity of the target ion, while the reference electrode maintains a constant potential, allowing for precise measurement.

The main advantage of potentiometric methods is their simplicity and relatively low cost, along with minimal sample preparation. They are valued for their ability to provide rapid, accurate, and selective measurements in various fields, including clinical diagnostics, water quality testing, and industrial process control.

Potentiometry is distinguished from other electrochemical techniques by its focus on potential measurements at negligible current flow, which minimizes electrode polarization and improves measurement stability. Variations of potentiometry include direct single-electrode measurements and the use of selective membranes to target specific analytes.

Overall, potentiometric methods remain essential tools in analytical chemistry, combining ease of use with high specificity and sensitivity for ion detection in diverse matrices.