Posílen

Posílen is a term derived from the Czech verb posílit, meaning to strengthen or empower. In standard Czech, the past participle used as an adjective is posílený, meaning “made stronger” or “strengthened.” The bare form posílen is not common in contemporary standard Czech and is generally considered nonstandard or a result of diacritic omission. In Slovak, the corresponding participle is posilnený, with standard diacritics.

Etymology and forms: The word originates from posílit plus the adjectival suffix -en, yielding a stem posíl- that produces the participle form. The masculine singular form posílený is used with masculine nouns, while feminine and neuter agreement yields posílená and posílené, respectively. The non-diacritic variant posílen may appear in contexts without diacritics, such as some databases, headlines, or historical texts, but it is not the norm in formal writing.

Usage and nuances: Posílený is used to describe objects, systems, or beings that have gained strength or resilience. Examples include: “Posílený imunitní systém těla lépe odolává infekcím” (A strengthened immune system better resists infections). The noun form posílení refers to the act or process of becoming stronger. The term often appears in medicine, sports, engineering, and security contexts to denote improvement through training, treatment, or reinforcement.

See also: posílit, posílení, posilnený/posílený (diacritics variants in Czech and Slovak).