Poroitus

Poroitus is the mechanical process of boring or drilling into solid material, such as rock, soil, or concrete, to create boreholes for sampling, resource extraction, or the installation of infrastructure. In Finnish, the term stems from the verb pora (to drill) with the suffix -oitus, and it is used across engineering, geology, and construction to describe drilling activities and operations.

Common methods include rotary drilling, percussion (hammer) drilling, and core drilling. Rotary drilling uses a rotating drill bit to cut through material and bring cuttings to the surface. Percussion drilling relies on repetitive hammer blows to break the material, often used for deeper or harder targets. Core drilling extracts a cylindrical sample, or core, from the borehole for detailed geological or engineering analysis; diamond drilling is a form of core drilling that uses diamond-embedded bits for hard rock.

Equipment and techniques associated with poroitus include drill rigs or rigs mounted on vehicles, drill rods and casings, various drill bits, and drilling fluids that assist with cooling, lubrication, and cuttings removal. Modern operations may employ measurement-while-drilling and downhole logging to monitor conditions in real time.

Applications cover mineral and oil and gas exploration, groundwater and geothermal projects, geotechnical site investigations for construction, environmental sampling, and archaeological or paleontological borehole work. Safety and environmental considerations are central: proper handling of equipment, protection against hazards such as gas releases or surface subsidence, management of drill cuttings and fluids, and adherence to regulatory requirements and permitting processes.