Pooljuhtlüliti

A pooljuhtlüliti, or semiconductor switch, is an electronic component that utilizes the properties of semiconductor materials to control the flow of electrical current. Unlike mechanical switches that rely on physical contact, semiconductor switches operate by manipulating the conductivity of semiconductor junctions. This is typically achieved by applying a voltage or current to a control terminal, which alters the internal resistance of the semiconductor material.

Common types of pooljuhtlülitid include transistors, diodes, and thyristors. Transistors, such as MOSFETs and IGBTs, are versatile and can act as both switches and amplifiers. Diodes, while primarily used for rectification, can also function as switches in certain applications. Thyristors are designed for high-power switching and are often used in industrial control systems.

The advantages of semiconductor switches over mechanical switches include faster switching speeds, longer lifespan due to the absence of moving parts, and the ability to handle high frequencies. They are essential components in a vast array of electronic devices, from simple lighting controls to complex microprocessors and power electronics. Their ability to be miniaturized and integrated into integrated circuits has been a driving force behind the advancement of modern electronics.