Polyzytämie

Polyzytämie, also known as polycythemia or erythrocytosis, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the concentration of red blood cells in the blood. This increase leads to a higher than normal hematocrit, which is the volume percentage of red blood cells in the blood. The elevated red blood cell count can thicken the blood, making it harder for the heart to pump and potentially leading to various health problems.

There are two main types of polycythemia: primary and secondary. Primary polycythemia, such as polycythemia vera, originates from a problem within the bone marrow itself, often due to a genetic mutation. Secondary polycythemia occurs when the body produces more red blood cells in response to another condition, such as chronic low oxygen levels due to lung disease, living at high altitudes, or certain tumors that produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.

Symptoms of polycythemia can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. They may include headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, itching, a ruddy complexion, and fatigue. In some cases, polycythemia can be asymptomatic. Diagnosis typically involves a blood test to measure the hematocrit and red blood cell count. Further investigations may be needed to determine the underlying cause. Treatment strategies aim to reduce the red blood cell count and manage symptoms, and can include phlebotomy (blood removal), medication, or treating the underlying condition.