Polyacrylater

Polyacrylater are polymers derived from acrylic esters, including homopolymers of acrylates and copolymers based on varying ester groups. Common examples include poly(methyl acrylate), poly(ethyl acrylate), and poly(n-butyl acrylate). The term also covers crosslinked polyacrylates used as resins and thickening agents, as well as branched or interpenetrating networks formed with multifunctional acrylates.

Production typically involves free radical polymerization of acrylate monomers. Polymerization can be conducted in bulk, in solution, or as emulsions (emulsion polymerization) to produce latexes that can be converted into coatings and adhesives. Initiators such as persulfates, AIBN, or redox systems control molecular weight; crosslinking agents provide thermoset properties when desired.

Structure and properties depend on side group size and crosslinking. Longer alkyl side chains lower the glass transition temperature and increase flexibility; hydroxy-containing acrylates introduce polarity and reactive sites. Crosslinked polyacrylates offer solvent resistance and mechanical strength, while linear versions tend to be more adaptable in coatings and adhesives.

Applications include paints and coatings, adhesives and sealants, packaging resins, and cosmetics. In cosmetics and personal care, polyacrylates serve as thickeners (often in crosslinked forms known as carbomers) and as binding agents. In agriculture and medicine, certain polyacrylates act as hydrogels or controlled-release matrices.

Safety and handling are guided by the monomers and additives used; residual monomer content is regulated for consumer products. Polymers themselves are typically inert, but irritation can occur with certain monomers or during processing.