Polimerkompozíciók

Polimerkompozíciók are materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties which remain separate and distinct at the macroscopic or microscopic level within the finished structure. The goal is to create a new material with properties superior to those of the individual components. Typically, a polymer matrix is reinforced by another material. The reinforcing phase is often a fiber, but can also be particles, flakes, or even continuous structures.

The most common polymer matrices are thermosetting resins like epoxies or polyesters, and thermoplastic polymers like polypropylene or nylon. Reinforcements vary widely, including glass fibers (fiberglass), carbon fibers, aramid fibers (Kevlar), and natural fibers like flax or hemp. Fillers, such as talc or calcium carbonate, can also be added to modify properties like stiffness, cost, or flame retardancy.

The properties of a polymer composite depend on the type of polymer matrix, the reinforcing material, and how they are combined. Factors like fiber orientation, volume fraction, and the interface between the matrix and reinforcement play crucial roles. Composites offer advantages such as high strength-to-weight ratio, good corrosion resistance, and design flexibility. They find applications in aerospace, automotive, construction, sporting goods, and many other industries where high performance is required. The development of new polymer composite materials continues to be an active area of research and development.