PlummerVinson

Plummer–Vinson syndrome, also known as Paterson-Brown Kelly syndrome or sideropenic dysphagia, is a rare disorder characterized by a triad of esophageal webs causing dysphagia, iron-deficiency anemia, and atrophic glossitis. It is named after Henry S. Plummer and Porter P. Vinson, who described the condition in the early 20th century; the alternative name Paterson-Brown Kelly reflects earlier clinicians who described similar features.

Most patients are middle-aged women. Symptoms typically begin with progressive dysphagia to solids, followed by fatigue and pallor from anemia. Oral findings may include glossitis and angular cheilitis. Endoscopy commonly reveals a thin mucosal web in the upper esophagus, usually around the post-cricoid region; webs may be solitary or multiple.

Pathogenesis is not fully understood. Iron deficiency is central and thought to cause mucosal atrophy and web formation. Other nutritional factors or autoimmune mechanisms may contribute. The condition carries an increased lifetime risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and pharynx; the risk persists even after correction of anemia, though early treatment reduces symptoms.

Diagnosis relies on clinical features, evidence of iron-deficiency anemia, and endoscopic detection of an esophageal web. Management focuses on correcting iron deficiency with oral or parenteral iron; endoscopic dilation or bougienage of webs is used for persistent or severe dysphagia. Surveillance for malignancy is recommended. With treatment, symptoms improve and dysphagia often resolves.