Pleuraaliset

Pleuraaliset is a Finnish adjective meaning related to the pleura, the serous membranes that enclose the lungs and line the thoracic cavity. In medical contexts, pleuraaliset refers to structures, conditions, or diseases associated with the pleural membranes.

Anatomy and location: The pleura consists of two layers. The visceral pleura adheres to the surface of the lungs, while the parietal pleura lines the chest wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum. Between these layers is the pleural cavity, a potential space that normally contains a small amount of lubricating pleural fluid to facilitate smooth lung movement during breathing.

Function: The pleura reduces friction between lung and chest wall, helps maintain lung expansion by creating a cohesive surface tension, and supports the mechanics of respiration. The pleural membranes contain mesothelial cells and a small network of vessels that contribute to fluid balance and immune defense.

Clinical relevance: Diseases of the pleura include pleuritis (pleurisy), pleural effusion, and pneumothorax. Pleural effusions can be transudative or exudative, with analysis often guided by Light’s criteria to determine etiology. Common causes of pleuritis include infections, autoimmune disorders, malignancies, and pulmonary embolism. Diagnostic evaluation typically involves chest imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, CT) and thoracentesis or pleural biopsy when indicated.

Treatment and management: Management targets the underlying cause and the pleural condition. This may involve anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial therapy, drainage of effusions via thoracentesis or chest tube, and, in recurrent cases, procedures such as pleurodesis or indwelling pleural catheters. Supportive care includes analgesia and optimized oxygenation.

See also pleura, pleural effusion, pneumothorax.