Plastitsiya

Plastitsiya is a psychophysiological phenomenon that affects human beings under conditions of prolonged physical inactivity. The term is Russian in origin and can be literally translated to "plasticity of the body." It was first identified and described in the Soviet Union in the mid-20th century.

During periods of prolonged inactivity, such as weightlessness in space or bed rest, the human body undergoes significant changes in its physical characteristics. Water shifts to the interior of the body, muscle atrophy occurs, and bone density decreases. These changes can lead to problems with circulation, vision, and balance.

The heart rate and blood pressure decrease, the diaphragm becomes less efficient, and the entire cardiovascular system is affected. Fluids shift into the body's storage compartments, resulting in facial puffiness, edema, and swelling in the lower extremities. Additionally, the brain undergoes changes, affecting sleep patterns, appetite, and cognitive function.

Plastitsiya is a reversible process, meaning that when normal physical activity is resumed, the body returns to its pre-plastitsiya state within a relatively short period. This adaptation helps astronauts and individuals in similar environments adjust to new physical conditions. However, prolonged inactivity can lead to more serious health issues, including a decrease in immune function and an increased risk of infections.

Understanding plastitsiya has led to the development of countermeasures to mitigate its effects. Researchers have identified exercise protocols and countermeasures that can minimize the loss of physical capabilities during inactivity. Studies have also explored the role of physical activity in maintaining healthy muscle, bone, and cardiovascular function during prolonged periods of inactivity.